Which empire is NOT one of the three major Muslim powers that persisted after the breakup?

Which empire is NOT one of the three major Muslim powers that persisted after the breakup?

• A. Ottomans
• B. Safavids
• C. Mughals
• D. Byzantines

Answer: (D)

We’re looking at which polities became the lasting Muslim powers after the Islamic political fragmentation. The Ottoman Empire in Anatolia and the surrounding regions, the Safavid Empire in Persia, and the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent all established durable Muslim states that persisted for centuries and shaped vast areas. The Byzantines, by contrast, were a Christian empire based in Constantinople and did not belong to this trio of Muslim powers. Their statehood ended with the fall of Constantinople in 1453, long before the era in which the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal realms dominated across their respective regions. So the empire that does not fit the set is the Byzantine Empire.