Which empire was one of the three major Muslim powers that persisted after the breakup?

Which empire was one of the three major Muslim powers that persisted after the breakup?

• A. Ottomans
• B. Abbasids
• C. Fatimids
• D. Umayyads

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is recognizing which Islamic power became a lasting, expansive realm after the fragmentation of earlier unified authorities. The Ottoman Empire fits this pattern: rising in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century, it grew to control vast regions in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa and endured for many centuries, shaping Islamic and world history long after the breakup of earlier caliphates. While the other options were major dynasties, they did not persist as enduring, wide-spanning powers in the same way. The Abbasids declined and faded as a central force, the Fatimids collapsed in the 12th century, and the Umayyads were displaced from their main heartlands long before the Ottomans rose. Thus, the Ottomans are the clear example of a major Muslim power that persisted after the fragmentation.

The idea being tested is recognizing which Islamic power became a lasting, expansive realm after the fragmentation of earlier unified authorities. The Ottoman Empire fits this pattern: rising in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century, it grew to control vast regions in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa and endured for many centuries, shaping Islamic and world history long after the breakup of earlier caliphates. While the other options were major dynasties, they did not persist as enduring, wide-spanning powers in the same way. The Abbasids declined and faded as a central force, the Fatimids collapsed in the 12th century, and the Umayyads were displaced from their main heartlands long before the Ottomans rose. Thus, the Ottomans are the clear example of a major Muslim power that persisted after the fragmentation.